Benzonatate

Uses, Side Effects, Warnings & Precautions, Interactions, Overdose, and Missed Dose

Benzonatate, also known by its brand name Tessalon, is a non-opioid cough suppressant medication used to relieve coughing caused by various conditions such as colds, flu, and bronchitis. It works by numbing the cough receptors in the throat and lungs, providing quick and effective relief from persistent coughing. In this article, we will explore the uses, side effects, warnings, precautions, interactions, overdose, and missed dose of this medication

What Is Benzonatate?

Benzonatate (brand name Tessalon, Tessalon Perles) is a non-narcotic cough suppressant that works by numbing the throat and lungs, thereby reducing the cough reflex. It belongs to a class of medications known as antitussives. Unlike opioid-based cough medications like codeine, this medication does not have addictive properties, making it a safer option for many patients.

Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this medication is typically prescribed for dry, unproductive coughs that do not involve mucus or phlegm production.

How Does Benzonatate Work?

Benzonatate functions by anesthetizing (numbing) the stretch receptors located in the lungs and respiratory passages. These receptors are involved in the cough reflex. By dulling their sensitivity, this medication reduces the urge to cough, thereby offering relief from throat irritation, chest discomfort, and sleepless nights associated with persistent coughing.

Uses

Relief from Nonproductive Cough

Benzonatate is most commonly prescribed to treat dry coughs not accompanied by mucus. It is often used for conditions like:

• Acute bronchitis
• Viral upper respiratory infections
• Allergic coughs
• Irritation from environmental pollutants

Postoperative Cough Control

Patients recovering from surgeries, particularly those involving the abdomen or chest, may be prescribed thsi medication to prevent coughing that could stress the surgical site.

Cough Due to Lung Diseases

In some cases, it may be used for cough relief in chronic lung conditions like:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung cancer-related cough

Off-Label Uses

Although not FDA-approved for these, some healthcare providers might use benzo-natate off-label for:

• Sore throat discomfort
• Short-term insomnia associated with chronic cough

Dosage and Administration

Benzonatate is typically available in 100 mg and 200 mg capsules. The usual adult dosage is:

• 100 mg to 200 mg, taken three times a day as needed
• Maximum daily dose should not exceed 600 mg

Important: The capsules must be swallowed whole. Do not chew, crush, or dissolve them in the mouth, as this can cause numbness of the mouth and throat and even lead to choking or severe allergic reactions.

Who Should Use Benzonatate?

Benzonatate is best suited for adults and children over 10 years old who are experiencing bothersome, dry coughs. It should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider and is not available over the counter.

Who Should Not Use Benzonatate?

• Children under 10 years: Serious and potentially fatal side effects can occur.
• People with known hypersensitivity or allergies to benzo-natate or related compounds.
• Individuals who have difficulty swallowing pills.

Side Effects

While benzonatate is generally well-tolerated, it can cause a range of side effects, varying in severity.

Common Side Effects

These are usually mild and self-limiting:

• Drowsiness or sedation
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Upset stomach
• Constipation

Less Common But Serious Side Effects

These may require medical attention:

• Mental confusion or hallucinations
• A feeling of numbness in the chest
• Burning sensation in the eyes
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Chest tightness or breathing difficulty

Allergic Reactions

Rarely, some individuals may experience a severe allergic reaction, including:

• Rash or hives
• Itching or swelling, especially of the face, tongue, or throat
• Severe dizziness
• Trouble breathing

Seek emergency medical help immediately if you notice any signs of an allergic reaction.

Warnings & Precautions

Swallow Capsules Whole

Never chew or suck on the capsule. Doing so can cause immediate and severe numbness of the mouth or throat, which could interfere with swallowing or breathing and may require emergency care.

Risk in Children

Benzo-natate should never be given to children under 10 years old. Even a single capsule can be fatal. Accidental ingestion should be treated as a medical emergency.

Avoid Driving or Operating Machinery

As benzo-natate may cause drowsiness or dizziness, it’s advised to avoid driving or engaging in hazardous activities until you know how the medication affects you.

Mental Health Effects

Some users have reported hallucinations, confusion, or strange behavior, especially when the drug is taken in high doses. If you notice any such symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

There is limited data on the use of benzo-natate during pregnancy and lactation. Use it only when clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare provider. Discuss the risks and benefits thoroughly.

Alcohol and CNS Depressants

Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants while taking this medication, as these may amplify side effects like sedation and dizziness.

Drug Interactions

Benzonatate does not have many known drug interactions, but it’s still important to disclose all medications you are taking, including:

• Opioids (e.g., codeine, hydrocodone): May increase the risk of central nervous system depression.
• Sedatives or anti-anxiety medications (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam): Combined use may cause excessive sedation or confusion.
• Alcohol: Can intensify side effects like dizziness and drowsiness.

Important Note:

Always tell your healthcare provider about all prescription, over-the-counter, herbal, or dietary supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

Overdose

Overdose with this medication can be extremely dangerous and even fatal, especially in children.

Signs of Overdose Include:

• Restlessness or tremors
• Seizures
• Unconsciousness
• Irregular heartbeat
• Cardiac arrest
• Respiratory failure

Emergency Action: If you suspect an overdose, call emergency services (911) or a poison control center immediately.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of benzonatate:

• Take it as soon as you remember.
• If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one.
• Do not double the dose to catch up.

Doubling up can lead to dangerous side effects or overdose.

Proper Storage

• Store at room temperature (68°F to 77°F or 20°C to 25°C)
• Keep the medication in a secure place, away from children and pets
• Avoid storing in humid areas like bathrooms
• Always keep in its original packaging to prevent accidental ingestion

Patient Tips for Safe Use

• Always follow dosing instructions from your healthcare provider.
• Avoid using this medication for wet coughs with mucus unless directed.
• Do not share your medication with others.
• Keep this medication out of reach of children.
• If side effects become severe, discontinue use and contact your doctor.

Conclusion

Benzonatate is an effective, fast-acting, non-narcotic option for managing dry, irritating coughs. Its numbing action on the lungs and airways helps reduce the coughing reflex without the risk of addiction seen in opioid-based medications. However, like all drugs, it must be used responsibly.

Understanding the potential side effects, drug interactions, and safety precautions is crucial for maximizing benefits and minimizing risks. Never exceed the recommended dosage, and always store it safely, especially away from children.

🔒 Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of your physician or qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Benzonatate